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Stake F1 Team

TEAM PAGE
15/02/2024

DETAILS

Stake F1 Team Team

Wildbachstrasse 9
8340
Hinwil
Switzerland

Tel: +41 44 937 9000

Official website:
www.sauberf1team.com

2024 CAR

Sauber C442023 launch: Click here for 2023 launch gallery

STATISTICS (PRIOR TO 2024)

Seasons in Formula 1:
Races contested:
Drivers championships:
Constructors championships:
Number of wins:
Number of pole positions:
Number of fastest laps:
Number of points:
2023 - number of wins:
2023 - number of poles:
2023 - number of fastest laps:
2023 - points:
2023 - position:

26
496
0
0
0
0
5
706
0
0
1
16
9

2024 DRIVERS

Guanyu Zhou
Car number: 24
Age: 25
Championships: 0
Wins: 0

Valtteri Bottas
Car number: 77
Age: 35
Championships: 0
Wins: 10

BIOGRAPHY

Peter Sauber established his company in 1970, in his native Switzerland. His first car was a VW-powered sports racer nicknamed the 'Cheesewedge' and he followed that with Group 6 cars powered by 2-litre Cosworth and BMW engines. It was all fairly low profile stuff because, for most of the 1970s, small-capacity sports car racing was not the stuff of headlines. Further, Sauber showed no inclination to build a single-seater (his first open-wheeler was his 1993 F1 car).

Sauber's breakthrough came in 1981 when he created a special version of the BMW M1 which was sold to Dieter Quester who ran it at Le Mans. A second car won the 1981 Nurburgring 1000 kms, driven by Hans Stuck and Nelson Piquet. That was the stuff of headlines and Sauber began to be taken seriously.

A 1982 Group C with a Cosworth DFL engine was underwritten by Walter Brun and entered as a Sauber 'works' car. Like everyone else who used the engine, however, Sauber was overwhelmed by the engine's vibration. In 1983, a BMW-engined Croup C car performed well, and then Sauber turned to a car with a turbocharged Mercedes-Benz engine. This caught the attention of the Mercedes-Benz factory which began to offer Sauber some measure of support.

By 1988 this support had increased to what amounted to Sauber becoming a covert works team and, that year, Sauber-Mercedes was runner-up to Jaguar in the World Sports Prototype Championship of Teams. Sauber did even better in 1989, and took both the title and, crucially, won Le Mans.

Mercedes-Benz then felt that it could come out of hiding and enter its cars under its own name, but Sauber continued as a key element of the team. With the demise of sports car racing, Mercedes-Benz toyed with the idea of entering Formula One. When they finally decided not to, Sauber decided to go it alone.

Sauber had few options since he had a fully equipped and staffed factory and there really was not a lot else to do with them apart from Formula One, if he wished to remain in motor racing at the level he'd become used to. Mercedes-Benz has never been a company to let down faithful servants and when Sauber entered Formula One in 1993, it was with substantial financial and technical support for two years.

Naturally, Sauber did not enter F1 at the top, but it came in at the sharp end of the midfield group and performed impressively for a newcomer. In fact, it was the most impressive debut by a new team for many a long day.

When support from Mercedes-Benz came to its planned end, Sauber found life a lot harder. However help was at end in the shape of Ferrari. Having used Ford power-plants for several seasons Sauber made a massive leap forward in 1997 when they switched to Ferrari power. The Ferrari V10, re-badged as Petronas, has seen the Swiss outfit move further and further up the field seeing them finish fourth in the championship in 2001.

Sadly in 2002 the Swiss outfit was unable to build on the progress made in 2001 and actually allowed itself to be overtaken by Renault. The team retained Nick Heidfeld for a second season and partnered him with Brazilian sensation Felipe Massa.

With both drivers in the points in Brazil things looked promising, while Heidfeld produced one of the drives of the season in Spain to finish fourth. Although the C21 looked great at the beginning of the season, by the end it was clearly struggling. The car featured an all-new gearbox, while the centre of gravity had been reduced and the weight (unballasted) significantly reduced, in comparison to its predecessor. As the season progressed however Sauber fell into the old trap of failing to develop the car and consequently paid the price.

Massa could be brilliant or plain infuriating, his 'Latin' tactics not endearing him to his fellow drivers, including his team-mate, or his boss. Although the Brazilian was wild and exciting to watch he needed to calm down, unfortunately in the highly competitive, and vastly expensive, world of F1 no team can afford to nurture and mollycoddle its drivers, therefore it came as no real surprise when he was dropped at the end of the season.

Nick Heidfeld was retained for a third season to be joined by Sauber 'old boy' Heinz-Harald Frentzen. The driver partnership was strong and in early testing the C22 looked good.

After the first three races things were indeed looking good for the Swiss outfit, with point scores in Australia, Malaysia and Brazil, together with a fine fourth on the grid in Melbourne for Frentzen.

However, as the season progressed things got worse. The fact that the Michelin-shod teams had a clear edge was bad enough, but it was in the aerodynamic department that the C22 was 'all at sea'.

With the new much-hyped wind-tunnel not due to be on-line until early 2004 the Swiss outfit was already in trouble, then came a succession of engine failures from a Ferrari unit which hitherto hadn't missed a beat.

As its season deteriorated, other than for a sole point at the Nurburgring, the team started looking ahead to 2004 when the new wind-tunnel would be on-line and the relationship with Ferrari would strengthen, indeed there was talk of the Italian team supplying its Swiss 'allies' with the latest spec engine, and a gearbox to match.

In the madness that was the United States GP at Indianapolis, Frentzen and Heidfeld both scored points, with Heinz-Harald giving the Hinwil team its first podium since Brazil 2001 (Heidfeld), though the celebrations didn't last long. The following day the team announced that both drivers would be dropped in 2004 in favour of Fisichella and Massa.

The 2004 contender, the C23, was a conservative design, though Sauber preferred the word 'pragmatic'. The team wanted the car on track as early as possible in order that it could focus on reliability whilst the aerodynamics were to be 'fine-tuned' once the wind-tunnel went on-line.

In addition to using the latest spec Ferrari engine, the C23 also (as promised) had a Ferrari gearbox, though many regarded this as a canny, rather than magnanimous, move by the Maranello outfit.

The new state-of-the-art windtunnel finally went on-line in March, and almost immediately the team began to see results.

Although the Swiss outfit didn't equal its achievement in 2001, when it finished fourth in the constructors' championship, it did score a record number of points (34).

Furthermore, despite finishing sixth in the Constructors' Championship, 35 points behind multi-champions McLaren, it was comfortably ahead of the better funded, manufacturer owned, Jaguar and Toyota teams.

One of the team's true strengths in 2004 was reliability, with only three retirements due to mechanical problems. The Ferrari engine only failed once (Australia), which is pretty much what you'd expect, while only in the Monaco (Fisichella) and United States (Massa) Grands Prix, were the drivers involved in accidents.

As ever, Fisichella gave it his very best, and though there was no call from Ferrari, WilliamsF1 were extremely keen to sign him, only for the Italian to agree to a return to his former employers, Renault. Massa seemed to have 'calmed' just a little, and for the most part kept his far more experienced teammate in check.

In the second half of the season, a time when the Swiss outfit usually falls behind, the team consistently scored points, finishing fourth and fifth at Spa, one of the most challenging tracks on the calendar. Although it didn't take up the option of Friday testing, Sauber was one of the most industrious teams when it came to testing throughout the year, a move which clearly paid off.

In mid-January, having cancelled its official launch in Kuala Lumpur, out of respect to the victims of the Asia tsunami, Sauber rolled-out the C24, complete with radical front wing, clearly a product of all those hours in the windtunnel. Sadly, the car never lived up to expectations, the main reason being a woeful lack of downforce.

Despite its much-publicized state-of-the-art windtunnel, the team was clearly badly affected by the (aerodynamic) regulations, not to mention a lack of funding, which, in turn, meant a lack of staff. The team was frustrated as it slipped further down the order. Whereas it had once been 'best of the rest', behind the premiership teams, it was now finding it hard to keep pace with Red Bull.

The situation wasn't helped by the early-season differences of opinion between team boss, Peter Sauber, and Jacques Villeneuve. That said, as he got used to the car, and got his way in having the car set up as he wished, the Canadian's performances improved, and the situation diffused. Teammate, Felipe Massa, quietly got on with the job, and it came as no surprise when Ferrari wanted the Brazilian to partner Michael Schumacher in 2006.

One might have thought that once BMW announced its decision to purchase the Swiss outfit, things would improve, but they didn't. Though (BMW Motorsport Director) Mario Theissen promised major changes, including increasing staffing levels - particularly when it came to windtunnel work - Sauber's final days in F1 were mostly anonymous, the team finishing eighth in the Constructors' Championship, just 8 points ahead of Jordan. A sad end to the Swiss dream.

The Hinwil outfit never grabbed the headlines, but then again it never got caught up in the political bullshit that so often drags the sport into the gutter. Instead Sauber and his men quietly got on with the job, one of the few teams that everyone had a soft spot for.

Its budget wouldn't have paid the catering bill at Maranello, yet Sauber, for the most part, produced good looking, point-scoring racing cars, quietly getting on with the job with typical Swiss efficiency. And let's not forget that it was Peter Sauber who took the gamble and brought Kimi Raikkonen and subsequently Felipe Massa into F1.

Though he retained a 20 percent stake in the BMW Sauber F1 Team, during the 'BMW era' Peter Sauber's role was almost anonymous other than turning up at the occasional race.

Following the German manufacturer's bombshell on 29 July 2009 - three days after the Hungarian GP - that it was to exit the sport at season end many looked to Sauber as the German-Swiss outfit's possible saviour.

On September 15, BMW announced that it had reached a deal with a Middle East company called Qadbak Investments Ltd, "a Swiss-based foundation which represents the interests of certain Middle East and European based families".

However, while most celebrated the team's new found saviour it was Pitpass, courtesy of sources at both Hinwil and Munich, that first raised the alarm regarding this mysterious outfit. Subsequently, despite ongoing confusion as to how many teams would actually make it to the grid in 2010, and whether the German-Swiss outfit would even be granted a grid slot, BMW announced that a deal had been agreed which would see the team revert to its original owner Peter Sauber.

When Toyota subsequently announced its withdrawal from F1 the FIA gave the final grid slot to the Swiss team however, plans to rename the outfit Sauber F1 were thwarted because Peter Sauber had not applied for a name change. Therefore, for 2010 the team continued to race as the BMW Sauber F1 Team - somewhat odd considering that the cars would use Ferrari engines and BMW had severed all links with F1.

On December 17, Toyota sensation Kamui Kobayashi was named as one of the team's drivers while just over a month later Spanish veteran Pedro de la Rosa was named as the Swiss team's number one. "The combination of a seasoned racer and an up-and-coming young driver has repeatedly proved a very fruitful one," said Sauber. "I don't expect either of them to disappoint in 2010."

Long-time technical director Willy Rampf remained with the team just long enough to get the car up and running before heading off into semi-retirement, while weeks later, his place was taken by James Key, a long standing member of the Jordan/Force India family.

While pre-season testing suggested that the C29 had pace, it soon became clear that this was more about low-fuel runs. Poor mechanical grip, particularly with a full fuel load, left the car almost 2s off the pace of the front runners.

The season got off to the worst possible start in Bahrain, with both drivers sidelined by hydraulics problems. In Australia de la Rosa finished twelfth while Kobayashi crashed on the first lap. The Spaniard failed to even make the start in Malaysia after suffering an engine failure on the way to the grid.

While the team's miserable season continued, Key was hard at work behind the scenes, appreciating that he had to resolve the basic problems with the car - mechanical grip and set-up - before attempting to develop it.

One of the first teams to go with McLaren's idea of an F-duct, in China Kobayashi made good use of it making it through to Q3, a milestone for the Swiss team.

While Kobayashi picked up a solitary point in Turkey, it was not until the European Grand Prix four weeks later that the team's ceaseless behind the scenes work really began to bear fruit. Over the course of the Valencia, Silverstone and Hockenheim weekends, the team introduced upgrades that saw aero and mechanical improvements.

The results were almost instant, the car, now far more stable and quicker through slow corners, allowing Kobayashi to finish seventh in Valencia and sixth at Silverstone.

However, the upgrades weren't a cure all, for de la Rosa had been suffering an inordinate number of engine failures and by Monza the Spaniard was on his ninth Ferrari powerplant. The team tried a number of things to resolve the problem, which was only happening to the Spaniard's car, but after Monza de la Rosa was dropped in favour of Nick Heidfeld anyway.

With so much else to focus on, Key and the team opted not to push ahead with their own version of the blown diffuser, admitting that by the time they were ready to run their device the season would be almost over.

Some typically wild and exciting performances from Kobayashi saw the Japanese youngster add further points to the team's tally, while Heidfeld rose to the occasion helping the Swiss outfit to secure eighth in the Constructors' Championship.

Behind the scenes, for much of 2010 there had been speculation linking Sauber with Mexican billionaire Carlos Slim Helu, who had previously been linked with buy-outs at Honda, Campos and just about every other team that has ever been up for sale in recent years.

Slim popped up on the F1 radar once again mid-July, linked with the proposed United States Grand Prix in Austin. Therefore, it came as no real surprise when, having appointed GP3 champion Esteban Gutierrez as test and reserve driver, Sauber subsequently announced the recruitment of fellow Mexican Sergio Perez as one of its race drivers for 2011 and a partnership with Slim's telecomms outfit Telmex, which just happened to sponsor both drivers.

Another sign of Slim's 'involvement' with the team was surely the increasing number of sponsors logos on the 2011 car, including Jose Cuervo, certainly compared with the scarcity of decals on the 2010 version.

An excellent performance in Australia was marred when both drivers - having finished seventh and eighth - were subsequently disqualified due to an "illegal radius on the upper rear wing element".

Unlike the C29, the C30 was reliable from the start of the season and developments came at a respectable rate. That said, the team suffered from its inability to get to grips with the blown diffuser concept. On the other hand, the Ferrari engine was ultra-reliable, the Italian manufacturer also giving its Swiss rivals the benefit of its KERS technology.

Kobayashi was a regular points scorer, taking twenty-five from the next six races, while teammate Perez was manfully getting used to DRS, KERS and the rest of it. The Mexican performed well, particularly in qualifying where he out paced his teammate in China, Turkey and Spain.

In Monaco, Perez, having made it through to Q3 for the first time, crashed heavily on his first run and was subsequently withdrawn from the event. Weeks later, in Canada, still feeling unwell after the opening practice session, the youngster was replaced for the remainder of the weekend by Pedro de la Rosa.

The Spaniard, who qualified seventeenth and finished twelfth, was also able to assist the team in terms of the car's handling, advising that an issue previously regarded as being caused by the kerbs was actually due to (front) tyre pressures.

At the halfway point, Sauber was sixth in the standings and looking good for the remainder of the championship. However, Force India now began to improve with each outing, as did Toro Rosso, the Swiss team paying the price for ceasing the development of its diffuser.

Funnily enough, at Silverstone, where the use of the blown diffuser was restricted, Sauber added six points to its tally. However, for the remainder of the season, with the diffuser rule lifted, the pickings were lean. Monza was the first (and only) time both cars failed to finish a race, both drivers succumbing to gearbox issues.

Perez was back in the points in Singapore, the youngster bringing his car home tenth, however, Force India consolidated its position by adding a further twelve points to its tally, thereby leapfrogging the Swiss outfit in the standings.

At the Japanese Grand Prix, an emotional Kobayashi gave hope to his home fans still deeply affected by the Tsunami earlier in the year, by going fastest in Q1 and qualifying a career best seventh. However, in the race he could only manage thirteenth, while his teammate made one less pitstop and was able to finish eighth.

With Toro Rosso closing in, Kobayashi managed to recapture his form in the final races, finishing tenth in Abu Dhabi and ninth in Brazil, thereby keeping the Swiss team seventh in the standings with the same number of points accrued (44) the previous season when it finished eighth.

To sum up, it was a season of two halves for the Swiss team, a lesson which had to be learned in 2012 and beyond. Then again, the team was unlucky to be disqualified in Australia, not to mention the gearbox issue in Italy.

As early as July, the team announced that it would continue with its full line-up in 2012, Kobayashi, Perez and Gutierrez, even though the youngster was overlooked in Canada when a replacement was needed.

It seems hard to believe, but in light of the team's four podium finishes in 2012, many still feel that even more was achievable, not least the maiden victory under its own name.

Things got off to the worst possible start when, three days before the launch, Technical Director, James Key, for reasons still unexplained, opted to leave the Swiss team, resurfacing in September with Toro Rosso.

This time around there were no disqualifications in Melbourne, both drivers opening their points accounts at the first opportunity.

As the teams struggled to get to grips with the new rubber, Perez looked set to pull off one of the biggest shocks of recent times when he looked set to take victory in Malaysia. Reeling in race leader Alonso at a vast rate of knots a small error saw the Spaniard take a much-needed victory in the Ferrari. However, with the Italian manufacturer supplying Sauber's engines and Perez a member of the Maranello team's Young Driver Academy, there was plenty to get the conspiracy theorists excited.

There were further podiums for the Mexican in Canada and Italy, while teammate Kobayashi took an emotional third in Japan, his home race.

As in previous years however, the team began to stagnate in the second half of the season, taking just ten points from the last five races.

Perez, in particular, lost his sparkle shortly after Monza, funnily enough round about the time he secured a "multi-year" deal with McLaren where he would replace Lewis Hamilton. Whilst Martin Whitmarsh enthused at the youngster's 'giant killing' capabilities, Luca di Montezemolo, whose team had shunned the Mexican and opted to retain Felipe Massa, claimed Perez was not yet ready for a "top seat".

While Perez enjoyed a run of six races in which he failed to score a point, Kobayashi added a further 25, thus helping the Hinwil team keep hold of sixth in the standings ahead of Force India.

There were a number of weekends, Bahrain, Hungary and Austin, when the team appeared to fall apart, seemingly a shadow of the team we'd seen just a week or so earlier. Had it shown consistency throughout the season it is entirely possible that the Swiss outfit could have overtaken Mercedes to finish fifth.

With Peter Sauber handing over the reigns to Monisha Kaltenborn, the team was already preparing for a new chapter in its history. However, there were further shocks in store when Nico Hulkenberg was signed as number one and Kobayashi was dropped in favour of Esteban Gutierrez. Dutch youngster Robin Frijns was brought in as test and reserve.

2012 was clearly a watershed for the popular, yet mostly anonymous, team. However, it remained to be seen whether things would progress or whether 2012 was as good as it will ever get.

Fact is, like a number of its rivals, Sauber suffered from financial problems throughout 2013 indeed, at one stage some of the more excitable sections of the media were openly asking if the Swiss team would see out the season. With the Mexican backing not as strong as was first suggested, all eyes subsequently turned east.

Maybe we should have seen the writing on the wall when the team reverted to a livery similar to that used in the 90s when Sauber first entered F1, or maybe when Hulkenberg failed to make the start in Melbourne, his car giving up on its way to the grid. Whilst the German finished eighth in Malaysia, it was clear the C32 was nowhere near as competitive as its predecessor, a reality underlined by the fact that in the nine races between China and Belgium the team scored but three points.

In mid-July, the team announced a "partnership" with the Investment Cooperation International Fund, The State Fund of Development of North-West Russian Federation and the National Institute of Aviation Technologies (NIAT). The team also announced the recruitment of 17-year-old Russian racer Sergey Sirotkin, who, by an amazing coincidence, happened to be the son of the head of NIAT. Funny that.

Over the summer, as most pondered what the recruitment of Sirotkin would mean for the team's current drivers, particularly Hulkenberg, Sauber was forced to deny reports that the various deals had fallen through, insisting that everything was progressing well whilst also claiming that the deal with NIAT was technical as opposed to financial. F1 being what it is however, the rumours persisted.

Back on track, Hulkenberg celebrated that end of the summer break by taking fifth in Italy, having qualified third, ahead of the Ferraris.

In Singapore both drivers were in the points, running 6th and 7th after pitting under the safety car, but as their tyres went away Hulkenberg could only manage 9th and Gutierrez 12th. Hulkenberg gave a typically impressive performance Korea, finishing in 4th place and thereby allowing Sauber to leapfrog Toro Rosso in the championship.

Japan marked the team's first double points finish of the season with Hulkenberg finishing 6th after running most of the race in 4th, and Gutierrez 7th following an impressive battle with Nico Rosberg. Hulkenberg scored a further 12 points in the final two rounds thereby taking Sauber to seventh in the standing, 20 points down on Force India.

Despite the team's assurances, and media speculation that the new weight rules might leave him side-lined in 2014, Hulkenberg opted to leave at season's end, the German returning to Force India. Pitpass had it on good authority that a deal with Ferrari was all but done, however the German and his management couldn't agree certain aspects of the contract.

While Adrian Sutil swapped places with Hulkenberg, by having retained Gutierrez - whom Pitpass readers voted 'rookie of the year' - Sauber also retained some of that all-important Mexican money, while the recruitment of Sergey Sirotkin as test and reserve driver maintained Russian interest in the team.

Ahead of the 2014 season, we wrote: "Depending on one's point of view, 2013 wasn't as bad as it looked for Sauber, then again, the Swiss team clearly failed to build on the momentum of 2012. Where the Hinwil outfit goes from here will be interesting to see, however, as is the case with most of its rivals the answer will lie not on the drawing board or in the windtunnel but on the balance sheet."

That Sauber, for the first time since it first entered F1, failed to score a single point tells you all you need to know about a wretched season for the team. Indeed, in a further twist, the Hinwil outfit was demoted to tenth in the standings as a result of Jules Bianchi's ninth-place finish in Monaco.

Other than the financial situation - of which more later - the team was hampered by the overweight, underperforming Ferrari power unit, a chassis that was never really balanced and a haphazard fly-by-wire braking system.

Both drivers were anonymous throughout the year, the German edging out his Mexican teammate 10-9 in qualifying, whilst their best results were 11th and 12th in the opening race, Sutil grabbing another 11th in Hungary.

Only Caterham had a worse reliability record, the Sauber duo finishing 25 times from 38 starts (65.8%), and completing just 78.9% of the racing laps that comprised the season.

Clearly having given up hope of attracting serious Mexican investment, the team made another bid to attract interest by signing 25-year-old Indy driver Simona De Silvestro as an "affiliated driver"... whatever that might be.

When Caterham and Marussia ran into financial problems, above the sound of squealing tyres as Sutil (or Gutierrez) spun following another brake issue, one could always hear Monisha Kaltenborn calling for more financial sanity in the sport.

At season end both drivers were hastily dropped, the Swiss outfit having signed Marcus Ericsson and subsequently Felipe Nasr. Though Sutil threatened legal action, claiming he had a contract for 2015, Kaltenborn, a lawyer, dismissed his claim.

Such was the obvious desperation, in the post-season test the Hinwil outfit ran Adderly Fong and Roy Nissany. No, us neither.

Whether the Swedish and Brazilian money that would surely follow the two new recruits would be enough to satisfy demands remained to be seen, but in all honesty, based on the last two seasons, Sauber appeared to be staring into the abyss.

Depending on whether you are a 'glass half full' or 'glass half empty' person, 2015 can either be seen as an improvement or a further slide down the slippery slope.

Certainly, a bright new blue and yellow livery - bearing various new sponsor logos - made a pleasant change from the dour, corporate 2014 version.

Arriving in Melbourne, the Swiss team was rocked by a legal challenge from Giedo van der Garde who insisted that he had been guaranteed the drive. The matter was subsequently dealt with, the Dutchman apparently paid handsomely for his disappointment though he is unlikely to ever drive in F1 again.

The rest of the weekend was a whole lot better, rookie Nasr putting his car 11th on the grid, despite missing the opening practice session - a result of the Van der Garde legal challenge. Next day, a superb drive saw the youngster fiinsh fifth, bringing back echoes of Mark Webber in the Minardi. With teammate Ericsson finishing a convincing eighth, the Hinwil outfit must have thought 2015 was going to be one of those good years.

Sadly, that was as good as it got. Updates were few and far between and the Swiss team was not even 'best of the rest', rather 'those just ahead of McLaren and Manor'.

There were further points, most notably an excellent drive - again from Nasr - to sixth in Russia, but as in Melbourne - and no disrespect to the Brazilian intended - wasn't the situation helped by the high rates of attrition.

Despite the money issues, the team did well in securing the services of Mark Smith as technical director however, the decision to join Force India in making an official complaint to the EU over the governance of the sport and its finances could yet backfire.

Retaining both Nasr and Ericsson for 2016, it would be interesting to see how the team developed - or not - especially as it was unlikely McLaren-Honda would be anywhere near as bad.

Never mind the old football adage that it was a 'game of two halves', for Sauber, 2016 was a season of two halves.

With the financial situation not having improved over the winter, the early part of 2016 was a serious struggle for the Swiss team and having been unable to produce its new car for the opening pre-season test, fears of another team going under were not helped by talk of staff were not being paid.

Furthermore, just days before the start of the season it was announced that technical director Mark Smith had departed the team, further adding to concern in the paddock that the Swiss team's time was almost up.

Nonetheless the team gamely struggled on, literally, the car clearly a handful for both Ericsson and Nasr. Indeed, the Brazilian was having such difficulty keeping his car on the black stuff, at the start of the European season the team opted to provide him with a new chassis.

In late July, following weeks of speculation, it was announced that mysterious Swiss finance group Longbow Finance S.A. had bought the team. While Peter Sauber retired "from all functions", Monisha Kaltenborn was kept on as Team Principal.

From Day One, the buy-out had a noticeably positive effect on the team both on-track and off.

In the months that followed, Sauber announced a string of impressive signings including Xevi Pujolar as Head of Track Engineering and Nicolas Hennel de Beaupreau as Head of Aerodynamics. Having snatched strategist Ruth Buscombe from Haas, at season end the team re-recruited Audi's WEC Technical Director Jorg Zander who had worked at Hinwil in 2006-2007 when the team was owned by BMW.

On track the difference was noticeable also as the team finally began to introduce updates - that worked.

Despite the positive changes the team appeared destined to finish the season point-less and last in the standings, the investment having come too late to allow the team to make that big a step forward.

Reliability was an issue for much of the season, while both drivers made more than their fair share of mistakes.

With Manor, courtesy of Pascal Wehrlein's tenth place finish in Austria looking set to finish tenth in the team standings, Sauber would miss out on the prize pot On a number of occasions the team came tantalisingly close to scoring those precious points with which it might leapfrog the British team but no joy.

Finally, in the madness that was Interlagos, Nasr brought his C35 home in ninth, thereby winning his team two vital points and millions in prize money.

With rumoured ties to Longbow Finance it came as no surprise when Ericsson was retained for a third season, on the other hand Interlagos hero Nasr was shown the door.

Despite the denials, anyone who doubts Ericsson's ties to Longbow need look no further to the incident in Monaco when Nasr was ordered to yield to the Swede, though no reason was given. Sadly, the loss of Banco do Brasil did not help the Brazilian's cause within the team.

On January 16, days after Manor called in the Administrators, Pascal Wehrlein was confirmed as Ericsson's teammate for 2017.

Going into the new season we hoped that the final phase of 2016 was a portent of what we might expect of Sauber in 2017 and beyond. Hopefully it wasn't.

Indeed, it's fair to say that the most eventful events for the Swiss team in 2017 took place off-track.

First off, Wehrlein was forced to miss the opening two races after injuring himself in the Race of Champions in February - the German replaced by Antonio Giovinazzi.

Then came the shock news that the Swiss team was to part ways with Ferrari and run Honda power units in 2018. However, at a pace the Swiss team can only envy, in the weeks that followed Monisha Kaltenborn was shown the door followed by the news that the Honda deal was off.

Finally, following weeks of speculation, at season end it was revealed that not only would Sauber continue with Ferrari in 2018, albeit with a current-spec engine, but that Alfa Romeo would become a title partner of the team whose livery would change accordingly.

Also, as if to confirm the speculation that Sauber is rapidly becoming Ferrari's B-team, F2 champion and Academy Driver, Charles Leclerc was signed.

The Swiss outfit stopped short of signing Antonio Giovinazzi as his teammate and instead retained Ericsson for a fourth season.

Having split with Renault at the start of the year, Fred Vasseur was recruited as team principal, though, like a number of the new people brought on board, including Jorg Zander, it will be this season when they really hope to make their mark.

Qualifying 15th and then 14th in the opening races was as good as it got for Ericsson in qualifying, while Wehrlein managed an impressive 13th in China. From then on it was the grid penalties of others that usually kept the pair off the back row.

Sunday afternoons were mostly spent being lapped by the leaders, occasionally, very occasionally, snapping at the heels of the midfield.

The 4 points Wehrlein picked up in Spain embarrassed McLaren for a while but a double-points finish in Hungary and a string of points finishes in the latter stages of the year prevented the Swiss outfit from rubbing further salt in the Woking outfit's wounds.

Putting 2017 well and truly behind it, Sauber was looking forward to a new beginning in 2018, what with a current-spec engine, the backing of Alfa Romeo (and Ferrari) and Charles Leclerc, not to mention those various other new signings.

A number of different factors were responsible for a significant improvement from the Swiss team in 2018, other than the aforesaid 2018-spec power unit from Ferrari, the backing of Alfa Romeo and the arrival of Charles Leclerc, there was also Fred Vasseur, who brought all his experience and professionalism to bear on the team.

After all, just days into getting the job in 2017 he cancelled the planned switch to Honda engines in 2018, the Swiss team subsequently finishing 15 points ahead of (Honda-powered) Toro Rosso in the final standings.

Vasseur also worked on the team's efficiency, determined to iron out the various issues that had compromised it in previous seasons, most notably some sloppy pit work. Ironically however, Leclerc was still robbed of a seventh-place finish at Silverstone following an unsafe release.

For the first few races, certainly in qualifying, it was business as usual, and while Ericsson scored a much-welcome ninth in Bahrain, it was in Azerbaijan that the turning point came, with Leclerc making it through to Q2.

Prior to this the youngster had made a number of mistakes - though always followed by a full confession and an apology - which meant in Bahrain and China he followed his teammate home, at a discreet distance.

In Baku however, having qualified 14th, Leclerc brought the car home in sixth, a fantastic result for the youngster and his team, albeit with the help of the double DNF that befell Red Bull and the cruel luck that befell Bottas.

The strong qualifying performances continued, certainly for Leclerc, and in France, now equipped with the upgraded Ferrari power unit, he made it to Q3. Teammate Ericsson only made it to the final phase of qualifying on three occasions, these coming at the end of the season, and though much of the media attention focussed on Alonso's 21-0 drubbing of his McLaren teammate Vandoorne in qualifying, the reality is that the biggest difference between teammate in terms of qualifying pace was that at Sauber, a factor that will not have been missed by Vettel at Ferrari.

After Baku, the pickings were understandably lean, what with the midfield being so hotly contested, but both drivers picked up a point or two whenever they could.

The final races of the season however, saw the Swiss outfit on a positive roll, Leclerc's 7th in Russia followed by a double points finish in Mexico and further sevenths in the two final rounds.

With Leclerc finishing the season 13th overall, ahead of Grosjean and Gasly, one wonders what might have been possible had Ericsson raised his game just a little, the Swiss team needing just 5 points to overhaul Racing Point at season end. Then again, there was the little matter of those 6 points lost at Silverstone.

While the team is confident going into 2019, having started work on the C38 early, the loss of Leclerc will surely be a blow, the youngster understandably having been snapped up by Ferrari. Ericsson, on the other hand, is heading to IndyCar, the Swede having had five seasons in which to prove himself, while his teammate did it in one.

Though the team now has the very experienced, very reliable and very quick Kimi Raikkonen on board, partnered by Italy's great hope, Antonio Giovinazzi, it remains to be seen how much it is impacted by the sudden departure of technical boss Jorg Zander who has been replaced by former Ferrari man Simone Resta.

Sauber had much to be proud of in 2018, the big question going into 2019 is can it continue?

In an unexpected move, on February 1, it was announced that the team would now be known Alfa Romeo Racing though the ownership and management would remain unchanged and independent.

MANAGEMENT

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

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